Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
France, Michael T.
Chaudry, Issac https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-3105
Rutt, Lindsay
Quain, Melanie
Shirtliff, Breanna
McComb, Elias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-2718
Maros, Amaury https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4884-1476
Alizadeh, Madeline
Hussain, Fatima A.
Elovitz, Michal A.
Relman, David A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8331-1354
Rahman, Anisur
Brotman, Rebecca M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8762-6214
Price, Joan T.
Kassaro, Margaret P.
Holm, Johanna B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-4085
Ma, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3488-2393
Ravel, Jacques https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-2233
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UH2AI083264)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI162579)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Nursing Research
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1189217)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV048956)
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (INV048982)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Competing interests
: J.R. is a cofounder of LUCA Biologics, a biotechnology company focusing on translating microbiome research into live biotherapeutic drugs for women’s health. M.A.E. is a consultant and has equity in MIRVIE, a company focused on cell free RNA and adverse pregnancy outcomes. R.M.B.’s research is supported by in-kind donation from Hologic. All other authors declare no competing interests.
