Lee, Won-June https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-0956
Mehra, Palak
Thurston, Jonathan R.
Tian, Yanpei
Liu, Xiaojie
Samal, Sanket https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5136-2991
You, Liyan
Song, Inho https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-0804
Ruan, Xiulin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-7449
Toney, Michael F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7513-1166
Mei, Jianguo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5743-2715
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0023411)
Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Competing interests
: J.M. is a co-founder of Ambilight Inc., which financially sponsors this study under a research agreement. He is also a founder of PBDF LLC, focusing on the commercialization of n-PBDF. The other authors declare no competing interests.