Chac, Denise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-3899
Heller, Frederick J.
Banna, Hasan Al https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7475-6706
Kaisar, M. Hasanul https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6531-1817
Markiewicz, Susan M.
Pruitt, Emily L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-4311
Chowdhury, Fahima
Bhuiyan, Taufiqur R.
Akter, Afroza
Khan, Ashraful I.
Dumayas, Mia G.
Rice, Amelia
Karmakar, Polash Chandra
Dash, Pinki https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2367-7368
LaRocque, Regina C.
Ryan, Edward T.
Xu, Libin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-5200
Minot, Samuel S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1639-3905
Harris, Jason B.
Qadri, Firdausi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8928-9888
Weil, Ana A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6170-4306
Funding for this research was provided by:
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K08 AI123494)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32HD007233)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 106878)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI AI136979)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI103055)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI099243)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center (D43 TW005572)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Fogarty International Center (K43 TW010362)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R35 GM133420)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh
Global Affairs Canada
Article History
Received: 1 October 2024
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.