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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 11 December 2025

Competing interests

: A.B. has served as a speaker (received honoraria) for Almirall, Eli Lilly, Sanofi, and UCB, has served as a scientific adviser (received honoraria) for AbbVie, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, Anaptysbio, Apogee, Arcutis, Astria, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Corvus, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunovant, Incyte, IQVIA, Janssen, Leo, Lipidio, Merck, Novartis, Oruka, Paragon, Pfizer, Rani Therapeutics, Regeneron, Sanofi, Spherix Global Insights, Sun Pharma, Sycona, Takeda, UCB Union, and Zai Lab, and has acted as a clinical study investigator (institution has received clinical study funds) for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Janssen, Leo, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, Takeda, and UCB, and owns stock in Lipidio and Oruka. R.J., L.T., R.B., J.F., M.G.K., A.B., and R.M. have no conflicts of interest to disclose. L.S. and H.P. are employees of AbbVie Inc. and may hold AbbVie stock, stock options, and/or patents. J.E.G. is supported by the A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute as the Kenneth and Frances Eisenberg Emerging Scholar Award and a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Grant. R.M. has served as a clinical investigator for AbbVie, Actavis, Advanced Tissue Sciences, Allergan, Amgen, Anacor, Astellas, Atrix, Barrier Therapeutics, Bayer, Berlex, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Cellgate, Celtic, Centocor, CombinatoRx, Connetics, Corixa, Cu Tech, Dermira, Dermik, Dow, DUSA, Eli Lilly, Ferndale, Fujisawa, Galderma, Genentech, Genetics Institute, GlaxoSmithKline, Graceway, Halcygen, HanAll Biopharma, HealthPoint, Human Genome Sciences, IDEC, Immunex, Intendis, ISIS, Isolagen, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Leo, Matrix, Medicis, MediGene, MedImmune, Merck, NanoBio, Novartis, Novum, Nycomed, Ortho McNeil, Paddock, Park Davis, Peplin, Perrigo, Pfizer, Promius, Regeneron, Research Testing Labs, Rhone-Poulenc, Roche, Rorer, Samumed, Sandoz, Schering Plough, Serono, Shionogi, Sirtris, Stiefel, Synta, Talima, Taro, Teva, Tolerx, Tolmar, Topica, Vertex, Viamet, Vicept, Wyeth, and XOMA. B.D.E. has received fees/honoraria/royalties as an advisory board member, contributor, and/or consultant for AbbVie, Acelyrin/Affibody, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant/Organon, Evelo, Evommune, Incyte, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Navigator Medicines, Novartis, Ortho/Bausch Health, Priovant, Regeneron, Sanofi, up-to-date, and UCB; received speaking fees from AbbVie, Dermavant/Organon, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, the National Psoriasis Foundation, Regeneron, Ortho/Bausch Health, and Sanofi; and received institutional funding as an investigator for AbbVie, Acelyrin/Affibody, Aclaris, Allakos/Concentra, Almirall, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee, Arcutis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celldex, Celgene/Bristol Myers Squibb, Concert/Sun Pharma, Dermavant/Organon, DermBiont, Dermira/Lilly, Evelo, Incyte, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Kymab/Sanofi, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novan/Ligand, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharma, UCB, and Ventyx.