Shahi, Maryam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-5246
Le, Vianna N.
Alarcon Espejo, Paula https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0420-9864
Ding, Bowen
Bombile, Joel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-1343
Risko, Chad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9838-5233
Heeney, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6879-5020
Paterson, Alexandra F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8395-308X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (1849213)
National Science Foundation (2349830)
National Science Foundation (1849213)
National Science Foundation (2349830)
National Science Foundation (1905734)
National Science Foundation (2349830)
United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (D24AP00298-01)
Royal Society
Article History
Received: 13 February 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.