Yu, Lei
Ni, Qianxi
Wang, Binbing
Zhang, Kang
Shi, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-9943
Huang, Shixiong
Shan, Guoping
Zhong, Yang
Guo, Ying
Zhang, Zhen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-5364
Wang, Jiazhou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9012-6605
Hu, Weigang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-6804
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Competing interests
: K.Z. is the employee of Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd.; F.S. is the employee of Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd. The two authors mentioned above contributed to the revision of the manuscript. They had no role in the study design, data analysis, or result interpretation of this work. The remaining authors declare no competing interests relevant to this article. All authors state that they have no financial interests to disclose.