Cunningham-Oakes, Edward https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0260-5508
Price, Vivien https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-5106
Mphasa, Madalitso
Mallewa, Jane
Darby, Alistair C
Feasey, Nicholas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-1405
Lewis, Joseph M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-5188
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (109105z/15/a)
Wellcome Trust (206545/Z/17/Z)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (CL-2019-07-001)
DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR200632)
Article History
Received: 24 April 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 21 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.