Tao, Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-5339
Gao, Yining https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7506-0636
Abdolhosseini Qomi, Mohammad Javad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-0994
Pellenq, Roland J.-M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-4190
Poon, Chi Sun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-3936
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2024YFF0508300)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (P0057736)
National Science Foundation (2103125)
Article History
Received: 2 October 2024
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.