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Authors
Wu, Yuqi
Wong, Oscar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0499-6082
Chen, Sizhe https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0937-4873
Wang, Yun
Lu, Wenqi
Cheung, Chun Pan
Ching, Jessica Y. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8257-2843
Cheong, Pui Kuan
Chan, Sandra
Leung, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-0124
Chan, Francis K. L.
Su, Qi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-387X
Ng, Siew C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6850-4454
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 31 December 2025
Competing interests
: F.K.L.C. serves as the Principal Investigator for the Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Service under the Hospital Authority (HA); a Board Director of EHealth Plus Digital Technology Ltd, an HA-owned subsidiary driving the eHealth+ program to transform the Electronic Health Record Sharing System into a comprehensive digital healthcare platform and advance other IT initiatives within the eHealth ecosystem; serves as a Director of the Hong Kong Investment Corporation Limited and a member of the Steering Committee for the RAISe+ Scheme under the Innovation and Technology Commissio; the Co-Director of the Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) Ltd. F.K.L.C. receives advisory fees and speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca and Comvita New Zealand Limited, as well as patent royalties through affiliated institutions for microbiome-related applications. F.K.L.C. and S.C.N. are shareholders of GenieBiome Holdings Limited and the co-founders, non-executive Board Chairman, and non-executive Scientific Advisor of its wholly owned subsidiary, G-NiiB GenieBiome Limited. F.K.L.C. is a shareholder of MicroSigX Diagnostic Holding Limited and the co-founder, non-executive Board Chairman, and non-executive Scientific Advisor of its wholly owned subsidiary, MicroSigX Biotech Diagnostic Limited. S.C.N. has served as an advisory board member for Pfizer, Ferring, Janssen and Abbvie and received honoraria as a speaker for Ferring, Tillotts, Menarini, Janssen, Abbvie and Takeda; has received research grants through her affiliated institutions from Olympus, Ferring and Abbvie; is a founder member of MicroSigX Biotech Diagnostic Limited; is a shareholder of MicroSigX Diagnostic Holdings Limited; GenieBiome Limited is wholly owned by GenieBiome Holdings Limited; is a non-executive Board director and non-executive scientific advisor of MicroSigX Biotech Diagnostic Limited and its holding company which is non-remunerative; and receives patent royalties through her affiliated institutions. QS, F.K.L.C., and S.C.N. are named inventors of patent applications held by the CUHK and MagIC that cover the therapeutic and diagnostic use of the microbiome. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
