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Authors
Cheng, Kevin P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8078-2158
Deshmukh, Ashlesha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-9087
Gholston, Aaron K. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8848-0718
Settell, Megan L.
Knudsen, Bruce E.
LaLuzerne, Maria
Trevathan, James K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-4872
Suminski, Aaron J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-5049
Pelot, Nicole A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-0190
Grill, Warren M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6588
Ludwig, Kip A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH R01 NS126376-01)
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Competing interests
: KAL is on the Scientific Advisory Board of LivaNova PLC, which markets clinical vagus nerve implantable devices. WMG also serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of LivaNova PLC, has received grant support from iVEAcare and LivaNova, and is an inventor on pending patent applications on systems and methods for nerve block. KPC, JKT, and KAL are co-inventors on patent application 19/382419: ELECTRODE FOR CLOSED-LOOP ACTIVATION OF NERVE FIBERS which incorporates high-frequency waveforms into the stimulation and feedback control methods in a closed-loop system. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
