Lin, Haoran https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-1823
Jacobs, Christopher L.
Yan, Chenhui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-9536
Nolan, Gillian M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2356-9075
Berruto, Gabriele https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5217-8489
Singleton, Patrick
Nguyen, Khanh Duy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7360-4564
Bai, Yunhe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-6415
Gao, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-4871
Wu, Xianxin https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3916-7120
Liu, Chao-Xing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1881-1365
Yan, Gangbin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4711-9063
Choi, Suin
Liu, Chong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4851-7888
Guisinger, Nathan P.
Huang, Pinshane Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-1833
Mandal, Subhasish https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-4165
Yang, Shuolong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8200-9898
Funding for this research was provided by:
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (DMR-2145373)
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (DMR-2011854)
NSF | ENG/OAD | Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI-2240489)
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 26 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.