Slaymaker, Emma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4941-5739
Calvert, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3272-1040
Marston, Milly
Risher, Kathryn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9588-1693
Imai-Eaton, Jeffrey W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7728-728X
Moorhouse, Louisa
Price, Alison
Abdul, Ramadhani
Dube, Albert
Nabukalu, Dorean
Obor, David
McLean, Estelle
Tlhajoane, Malebogo
Tomlin, Keith
Urassa, Mark
Baisley, Kathy
Crampin, Amelia
Geubbels, Eveline
Gregson, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2707-0714
Herbst, Kobus
Kwaro, Daniel
Lutalo, Tom
Newton, Rob https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-9153
Todd, Jim
,
Reniers, Georges
Kanjala, Chifundo
Ambia, Julie
Dadirai, Tawanda
Gareta, Dickman
Kishamawe, Coleman
Mutonyi, Gertrude
Myeza, Njabulo
Nyamukapa, Constance
Ndyanabo, Anthony
Olilo, George
Takaruza, Albert
Festo, Charles
Kusemererwa, Sylvia
McGrath, Nuala
Michael, Denna
Wringe, Alison
Mtuli, Emmanuel
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1164897)
Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Competing interests
: SG declares shareholdings in pharmaceutical companies GlaxoSmithKline and Astra Zeneca. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.