Williams, Eleanor C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8023-9550
Franzén, Lovisa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3755-718X
Olsson Lindvall, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-5607
Hamm, Gregory
Oag, Steven
Majumder, Muntasir Mamun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5550-2951
Denholm, James
Hamidinekoo, Azam
Escudero Morlanes, Javier https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2885-2456
Vicari, Marco
Lundeberg, Joakim https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-1601
Setyo, Laura
Godfrey, Trevor M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-6048
Eberlin, Livia S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-3215
Zakirov, Aleksandr
Hornberg, Jorrit J.
Stamou, Marianna
Ståhl, Patrik L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2207-7370
Ollerstam, Anna
Tan, Jennifer Y.
Mohorianu, Irina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-761X
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Medical Research Council (G117817)
Article History
Received: 27 February 2025
Accepted: 15 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: E.C.W. is partly funded by AstraZeneca and M.O.L., G.H., S.O., J.D., A.H., M.M.M., L.S, J.J.H., A.O., and M.S. are employees and/or stockholders of AstraZeneca. J.T. and L.F. were AstraZeneca employees at the time of the study but are currently employed by GSK and Pixelgen Technologies AB, respectively. L.S.E. is an inventor in patents related to DESI-MS imaging technology owned by Purdue Research Foundation that were licensed to Waters Corporation and receives royalties from sales of the systems. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.