Gong, Wang
Taner, Hülya F.
Wu, Yuesong https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5397-1167
He, Yumin
Zhou, Xingwu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5977-2185
Li, Zaiye
Hu, Xin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7403-8808
Ursin, Charisse
Debnath, Kala Chand
Okuyama, Kohei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5616-902X
Hu, Qiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-5539
Donnelly, Christopher R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2487-8881
Nör, Felipe
Perera, Chamila D.
Bellile, Emily
Yunesi, Arash https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-9589
Zhai, Zhiqian https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3104-7472
Zhao, Mei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6621-1367
Cheng, Wanqing
Fitzsimonds, Zackary R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-4911
Broses, Luke
Li, Jiaqian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-4424
Demehri, Shadmehr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-2641
Nagrath, Deepak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8999-2282
Wolf, Gregory T.
Sikora, Andrew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-8435
Yu, Yanbao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-1974
Wen, Haitao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-2748
Wei, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-8666
Chinn, Steven B.
Myers, Jeffrey N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4767-3408
Akira, Shizuo
Xie, Yuying https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-2219
Moon, James J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-2372
Lei, Yu Leo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-9824
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 DE026728)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 DE033330)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01 DE029255)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R03 DE027399)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U24 CA274159)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 DE031951)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01 DE030691)
Article History
Received: 6 December 2024
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Competing interests
: Y.L.L. and J.J.M. are co-founders and serve on the advisory board of Saros Therapeutics Inc. Y.L.L. licensed NOOC1 cells to Kerafast Inc. and Applied Biological Materials Inc. The other authors do not have competing interests relevant to this study for disclosure.