Mayer, Leonie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7102-4358
Fathi, Anahita
Weichel, Hanna-Marie https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8732-7085
Raadsen, Matthijs P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3774-8165
Dahlke, Christine
Mykytyn, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7188-6871
Rodon, Jordi
Gerresheim, Gesche K.
te Marvelde, Merel R. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5361-4491
Weskamm, Leonie M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-7354
Grewe, Ilka
Schlesner, Claudia
Lütgehetmann, Marc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-7944
Drosten, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7923-0519
Becker, Stephan
Haagmans, Bart L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-2015
Hardtke, Svenja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2913-9001
Addo, Marylyn M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2836-9224
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (TTU 01.945, TTU 01.709)
Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (TTU 01.945, TTU 01.709)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 1648/1 2024-512741711)
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
Article History
Received: 9 May 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: A.F. became a full-time employee of BioNTech in January, 2024, after completion of her contribution to this study. C. Dahlke was recruited as the translational immunology lead at the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) in November, 2022, with responsibilities separate from her role in the present study. B.L.H. is an inventor on a MERS patent with Erasmus MC Rotterdam (No. WO2014045254 A3). S.B. is named as an inventor on a patent for a novel MERS-CoV vaccine (No. EP3045181A1). All other authors declare no competing interests.