Dholakia, Vidhi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2820-1499
Quantrill, Jessica L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-1822
Richardson, Samuel A. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-3832
Pankaew, Nunticha
Brown, Maryn D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6257-0672
Yang, Jiayun
Capelastegui, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-7563
Masonou, Tereza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-8965
Case, Katie-Marie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2078-9451
Ajeian, Jila
Woodall, Maximillian N. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-9171
Magill, Callum
Freimanis, Graham
McCarron, Amy
Staller, Ecco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8443-5559
Sheppard, Carol M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-3804
Brown, Ian H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3909-1301
Murcia, Pablo R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-394X
Smith, Claire M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8913-0009
Iqbal, Munir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-5339
Digard, Paul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-9440
Barclay, Wendy S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-0895
Pinto, Rute M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-1397
Peacock, Thomas P. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7077-2928
Goldhill, Daniel H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-5963
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/Y007298/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/X006123/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/230002A)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/230002B)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/23NB0004)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/PI/23NB0003)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/V004697/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/V011286/1)
RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBS/E/RL/230002C)
Defra | Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (SE2223)
Royal Society (231225)
Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 16 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.