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Ghosh, S. S.
Rodrigues, C. C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3095-3550
Yang, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-1002
Xin, C. J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9596-1407
Lu, S.
Witt, D. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8250-4538
Joe, G.
Wiederhecker, G. S.
Boller, K.-J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-610X
LonĨar, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-5017
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | U.S. Air Force (FA9453-23-C-A039)
Amazon Web Services (A50791)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | ONR | Office of Naval Research Global (N00014-22-C-1041/VAS-21-0001)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC23PB442)
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022M3K4A1094782)
Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Article History
Received: 23 December 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Competing interests
: C.A.A.F. is involved in developing lithium niobate technologies at Sabratha Photonics B.V., C.J.X., and M.L. are involved in developing lithium niobate technologies at HyperLight Corporation. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.