Butt, Friederike https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8954-1274
Pogorelov, Ivan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5103-9410
Freund, Robert https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8401-2322
Steiner, Alex https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-7871
Meyer, Marcel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-5927
Monz, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7410-4804
Müller, Markus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2813-3097
Funding for this research was provided by:
ODNI | Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (W911NF-23-2-0216)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: T.M. is connected to Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH, a commercially oriented quantum computing company. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.