van der Heide, Verena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-4405
McArdle, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-3772
Nelson, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0480-5597
Cerosaletti, Karen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7403-6239
Gnjatic, Sacha https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-9520
Mikulski, Zbigniew
Posgai, Amanda L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9491-0958
Kusmartseva, Irina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-0813
Atkinson, Mark A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-4782
Homann, Dirk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7622-5754
Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: K.C. reports other research funding from Cour Pharmaceuticals, IM Therapeutics, GentiBio Inc., and InduPro not related to this study; S.G. reports other research funding from Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genentech, Regeneron, and Takeda not related to this study; S.G. is a named co-inventor on an issued patent for MICSSS, a multiplex immunohistochemistry technology to characterize tumors and treatment responses that is filed through ISMMS and currently remains unlicensed; all other authors declare no competing interests.