Balducci, Stefano https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-3863
Haxhi, Jonida https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2319-869X
Vitale, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-7279
Mattia, Lorenza https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4420-7372
Calvi, Francesco https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3814-1737
Marini, Martina
Ciocca, Eleonora https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6554-3443
Auccello, Federica
Gentile, Andrea
Sacchetti, Massimo
Orlando, Giorgio https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-8248
Zanuso, Silvano
Nicolucci, Antonio
Pugliese, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1574-0397
,
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero della Salute (PNRR-MAD-2022-12375970)
The Metabolic Fitness Association id a no-profit institution
Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 6 January 2026
First Online: 22 January 2026
Competing interests
: SB received personal fees from Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Takeda; JH received personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim; MV received personal fees from MundiPharma and Novo Nordisk; SZ is an employer of Technogym; AN received grants from Artsana, Astra-Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi Aventis and personal fees from Eli Lilly and Novo Nordisk; GP received personal fees from Astra-Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dome, Mylan, Sigma-Tau, and Takeda. No other disclosures were reported.