Monkman, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7219-8402
Kilgallon, Aaron https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1450-0009
Lawler, Clara https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-9225
Tubelleza, Rafael
Aung, Thazin Nwe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4150-0426
Warrell, Jonathan H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1323-4602
Vathiotis, Ioannis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1772-5986
Trontzas, Ioannis P.
Gavrielatou, Niki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-6831
Nyein Chan, Nay Nwe https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1633-6125
Czertok, Rotem
Bookstein, Shai https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5132-4024
O’Byrne, Ken
Markovits, Ettai
Rimm, David L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-4397
Kulasinghe, Arutha https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3224-7350
Funding for this research was provided by:
PA Research Foundation (AK)
Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 3 February 2026
Competing interests
: D.L.R. has served as an advisor for AstraZeneca, Agendia, Amgen, BMS, Cell Signaling Technology, Cepheid, Danaher, Daiichi Sankyo, Genoptix/Novartis, GSK, Konica Minolta, Merck, NanoString, PAIGE.AI, Roche, and Sanofi. Amgen, Cepheid, NavigateBP, NextCure, and Konica Minolta fund or have funded research in DLR’s laboratory. R.C. was an employee of Nucleai at the time this work was conducted. S.B. and E.M. are current employees of Nucleai. A.K. is on the Scientific Advisory Board for Omapix Solutions, European Spatial Biology Centre, Predxbio, Molecular Instruments and Visiopharm. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.