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Authors
Lenkala, Divya
Kohler, Jessica
McCarthy, Brian
Nelson, Michael
Bakker, Noor A. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-581X
de Boer, Renate
Jackson, Emily K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-4139
Sheen, Joong Hyuk F.
Hannes, Susan
Esaulova, Ekaterina
Stewart, Kai
Gottstein, Claudia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1117-8417
Attanasio, John
Brown, Flavian D.
Hymson, Sebastian https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1823-9680
Meda, Shirisha
van Zon, Maaike
Scheij, Saskia
Voogd, Rhianne
Raud, Brenda https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1416-0529
Xu, Ziyan
Borgers, Jessica S. W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6478-7821
Rohaan, Maartje W.
Balogh, Kristen N.
Poran, Asaf https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-1051
Rooney, Michael
Dong, Jesse Z.
Srouji, John R.
Juneja, Vikram R.
Arieta, Christina M.
Nijenhuis, Cynthia M.
Nuijen, Bastiaan
DeMario, Mark
Manson, Kelledy
Schumacher, Ton N. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-8804
Gaynor, Richard B.
Haanen, John B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-7704
van den Berg, Joost H.
van Buuren, Marit M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1615-1087
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Article History
Received: 5 June 2025
Accepted: 14 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Competing interests
: J.S.W.B., and M.W.R. declare no competing interests. E.K.J., S.Hannes., C.G., S.M., K.N.B., A.P., M.R., J.Z.D., J.R.S., V.R.J., C.M.A., R.B.G., and M.M.v.B. are employees of BioNTech US or BioNTech SE. D.L., J.K., B.MC., M.N., E.E., K.S., J.H.F.S., J.A., Z.X., F.D.B., M.DM., K.M., and S. Hymson are former employees of BioNTech US or Neon Therapeutics. T.N.M.S. is a founder of Neon Therapeutics. D.L., J.K., B.MC., M.N., E.K.J., C.G., J.A., E.E., S.M., K.S., K.N.B. A.P., M.R., J.Z.D., J.R.S., V.R.J., C.M.A., M.DM., K.M., T.N.M.S., R.B.G., M.M.v.B. own stocks of BioNTech. N.A.M.B., R.D.B., M.V.Z., S.S., R.V., B.R., C.M.N., B.N. were under contract with BioNTech for drug product manufacturing. D.L., J.K., N.A.M.B., R.D.B., V.R.J., C.M.A., M.DM, T.N.M.S., J.H.v.d.B. and M.M.v.B. are inventors of patent applications that cover part of this article. NEO-STIM patents are pending in various countries (WO2020227546A1 and WO2019094642A1, - “T cell manufacturing compositions and methods”). J.B.H. received grant or research support from BioNTech US, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis AG, Amgen, Sastra Cell Therapy, Asher Bio. J.B.H. discloses ownership interest in Neogene Therapeutics. J.B.H. has an advisory role for Agenus, Astra Zeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, CureVac, GSK, Imcyse, Iovance Bio, Immunocore, Ipsen, Merck Serono, MSD, Molecular Partners, Novartis, Orgenesis, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, Third Rock Ventures and is a Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) member at Achilles Tx, BioNTech US, Instil Bio, T-Knife, Neogene Therapeutics (AZ) and Sastra Cell Therapy. R.B.G is on the Board of Directors for Alkermes and Zai Lab and is a member of the SAB for Leap Therapeutics Inc. T.N.M.S. declares advisory roles for Allogene Therapeutics, Asher Bio, Merus, Neogene Therapeutics and Scenic Biotech, is stockholder in Allogene Therapeutics, Asher Therapeutics, Cell Control, Merus and Scenic Biotech, and is venture partner at Third Rock Ventures. BioNTech’s role in the study is disclosed in the author contributions, none of the other organizations had a role in the study or publication.
