Qiu, Liming https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-2077
Nho, Young-Hoon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-142X
Seilheimer, Robert L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-9864
Kim, Min Jae
Tufanoglu, Altona
Williams, Nolan R. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-3203
Wexler, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-9038
Oslin, David W.
Millet, Bruno
Scangos, Katherine W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-7767
Pesaran, Bijan
Evins, A. Eden
Richardson, R. Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7387
Childress, Anna Rose
Halpern, Casey H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-216X
Article History
Received: 11 March 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Competing interests
: C.H.H has patents related to sensing and brain stimulation for the treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders in general (USPTO serial number: 63/170,404 and 63/220,432; international publication number: WO 2022/212891 A1) as well as use of tractography for circuit-based brain stimulation (USPTO serial number: 63/210,472; international publication number: WO 2022/266000). He is a consultant for Boston Scientific, Abbott, Medtronic, and Insightec and receives honoraria for educational lectures. K.W.S is a consultant for J&J. N.R.W was a named inventor on Stanford-owned intellectual property relating to accelerated TMS pulse pattern sequences, neuroimaging-based TMS targeting, and novel psychedelic intervention for neuropsychiatric disorders; he had served on scientific advisory boards for Otsuka, NeuraWell, Magnus Medical and Nooma as a paid advisor; he also had equity/stock options in Magnus Medical, NeuraWell and Nooma. R.M.R. is a consultant for NeuroPace and receives honoraria for educational lectures as well as research grant support from Medtronic. A.R.C, C.H.H., D.W.O, K.W.S, L.Q., and Y.N. are inventors on a provisional patent application (Application No. PCT/US2024/052096) focused in SUD and related electrophysiology. The other authors declare no competing interests.