Sherman, Luke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-8018
Proctor, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-8828
Druckenmiller, Hannah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4605-1172
Tapia, Heriberto
Hsiang, Solomon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2074-0829
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DGE 2146752)
Microsoft
National Geographic Society
Human Development Report Office of the United Nations Development Programme Harvard University Center for the Environment Harvard University Data Science Initiative
Article History
Received: 1 November 2024
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.