Li, Zhe https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8517-0489
Thor, Prokhor
Kourmoulakis, George
Ivanova, Tatyana V.
Taniguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105
Watanabe, Kenji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3701-8119
Yu, Hongyi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-3294
Brotons-Gisbert, Mauro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7254-8292
Gerardot, Brian D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0279-898X
Funding for this research was provided by:
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/P029892/1, EP/Y026284/1)
Royal Academy of Engineering (Chair in Emerging Technology)
European Commission (101208583)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23H02052)
MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H05233)
MEXT | JST | Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JPMJCR24A5)
MEXT | JST | Accelerated Innovation Research Initiative Turning Top Science and Ideas into High-Impact Values
National Science Foundation of China | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Yunnan Joint Fund (12274477)
Royal Society (University Research Fellowship)
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.