Yadav Schmid, Sakshi
Helfrecht, Benjamin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2260-7183
Stegmann, Amy
Legg, Benjamin A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-1829
Pyles, Harley
Chen, Jiajun
Edison, John R.
Ziatdinov, Maxim
Preisler, Zdenek
Dollar, Orion
Whitelam, Stephen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0086-6803
Kalinin, Sergei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-6152
Baker, David https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7896-6217
Mundy, Christopher J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1378-5241
Zhang, Shuai https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-6470
De Yoreo, James J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9541-733X
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy
DOE | LDRD | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (FWP 72448)
Article History
Received: 21 September 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.