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Article History

Received: 20 November 2024

Accepted: 28 January 2026

First Online: 16 February 2026

Competing interests

: Potential conflicts of interest are the following: T.P. reports fees for non-CME services received directly from commercial interests or their agents (e.g., speakers’ bureaus) from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Veracyte, Argenetics, Gilead, and Lilly; consulting fees (e.g., advisory boards) from Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, and Gilead; and travel and accommodation support from Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, and Roche. T.P. also declares a non-financial interest as a member of the Board of Directors of the SOLTI Cancer Research Group, a non-profit organization dedicated to breast cancer research. M.V. reports personal fees from Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Company, and Gilead outside the submitted work. J.M.C. reports travel expenses and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, Lilly, Pfizer, Gilead, Novartis and MSD. Es.S. declares advisory board membership for Astra Zeneca and consulting fees from Reveal Genomics INC. G.V. has received a speaker’s fee from Pfizer, MSD, GSK and Pierre Fabrer, has held an advisory role with AstraZeneca and received consultant fees from Reveal Genomics. F.B.-M. reports part-time employment from Reveal Genomics and has patents filed: PCT/EP2022/086493, PCT/EP2023/060810, EP23382703 and EP23383369. El.S. declares personal fees for educational events and/or material from Novartis, Pfizer, Eisai, and Daiichi Sankyo; advisory fees from Pfizer and Seagen; and travel/accommodation expenses from Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis, and Lilly. L.C.-M. reports advisory and consulting fees from BMS, MSD, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, lecture fees from Gilead, MSD, institutional financial interests from Roche and BMS. X.G.-F: reports speaker honoraria from Gilead, Novartis, and Pierre Fabre, travel/congress expenses from Eli Lilly, and speaker honoraria and travel/congress expenses from Astra Zeneca; P.V. is a stockholder of Reveal Genomics; reports personal fees from NanoString Technologies. M.O. reports institutional grant/research from AstraZeneca, Ayala Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Genentech, Gilead, GSK, Immutep, Roche, Seagen, Zenith Epigenetics, advisory and consulting fees or speaker honoraria from AstraZeneca, Cureos Science, Daiichi-Sankyo / AstraZeneca, Gilead, iTEOS, Lilly, MSD, Relay Therapeutics, Roche, Seagen, Eisai, Libbs, Novartis, Pfizer, travel grants from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Gilead, Pierre-Fabre, and non-financial disclosure as the SOLTI Breast Cancer Group president elected. C.M.P. is an equity stockholder and consultant of BioClassifier LLC and Reveal Genomics; also listed as an inventor on patent applications for the Breast PAM50 Subtyping assay. A.P. reports advisory and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Peptomyc, lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, and Daiichi Sankyo, institutional financial interests from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Roche, and Daiichi Sankyo; stockholder and employee of Reveal Genomics; patents filed PCT/EP2016/080056, PCT/EP2022/086493, PCT/EP2023/060810, EP23382703 and EP23383369. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.