Lee, Yeageun https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3626-5729
Bae, Hyung Jong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1225-5559
Haque, Md Farhadul
Lim, Keon-Hee
Kim, Jin Myung
Guan, Weilin
Nam, SungWoo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-7203
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX16AR56G and 80NSSC25K7278)
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-17-1-2830 and N000142412533)
National Science Foundation (CMMI-2135734, CMMI-2306039, and CBET-2035584)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00408180)
Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.