Rayens, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3369-3475
Sy, Lina S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-9266
Qian, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8001-3992
Ackerson, Bradley K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0816-7345
Tubert, Julia
Luo, Yi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-2470
Modha, Punam P.
Calderon, Raul O. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3408-1828
Chmielewski-Yee, Elizabeth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-7964
Oraichi, Driss
Yun, Huifeng
Koro, Carol
Tseng, Hung Fu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6184-6534
Funding for this research was provided by:
GSK
Article History
Received: 15 July 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare the following competing interests: E.R., L.S.S., L.Q., B.K.A., Y.L., P.P.M., and H.F.T. received research funding from AstraZeneca. E.R., L.S.S., L.Q., B.K.A., J.T., Y.L., P.P.M., and H.F.T. received research funding from Moderna. ER and BKA received research funding from F2G, Inc. L.S.S., L.Q., and B.K.A. received research funding from Dynavax. B.K.A., J.T., and R.O.C. received research funding from Pfizer. B.K.A. received research funding from Genentech. E.R., L.S.S., L.Q., B.K.A., Y.L., P.P.M., and H.F.T. received research funding from GSK (unrelated to this study). E.C-Y., D.O., H.Y., and C.K. are employed by GSK and hold financial equities in GSK. The authors declare no other financial or non-financial interests.