Tran, Minh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-8541
Jeong, Hoe Won
An, Minjoon https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8441-0309
Been, Chaeyeon
Jamsranjav, Ariunzaya
Kwak, Seung Min
Lee, Luke P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-4054
Cho, Hansang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-2462
Article History
Received: 28 February 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Competing interests
: M.T. and H.C. are inventors on a patent application related to the gut–brain–vascular microphysiological platform described in this study (filed by Sungkyunkwan University). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.