Choi, Bongjun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-3537
Lynch, Jason https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5929-2411
Chen, Wangleong
Jeon, Seong-Joon
Cho, Hyungseob
Yang, Kyungmin
Kim, Jonghwan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-3269
Engheta, Nader
Jariwala, Deep https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-8768
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Navy | Office of Naval Research (N00014-23-1-2037)
National Science Foundation (NNCI-2025608)
Article History
Received: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.