Ebeling, Marian Simon Rafael https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8232-9558
Berninghausen, Otto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9255-0522
Nguyen, Khang Hoang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4492-5020
Beckmann, Roland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-3898
Trapp, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-5181
Funding for this research was provided by:
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (Max - Planck - Fellow Research Group ‘Origins of Life’)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (EXC − 2094 – 390783311)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (ID 521256690)
Volkswagen Foundation (Initiating Molecular Life)
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.