Wyburd, Madeleine K. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0991-3204
Kennedy, Stephen H. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0135-9317
Fernandes, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-3389
Dinsdale, Nicola K.
Hesse, Linde S.
Gunier, Robert B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-9919
Cheikh Ismail, Leila
Ohuma, Eric O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-2593
Gravett, Michael G.
Purwar, Manorama
Qingqing, Wu
Winsey, Adele
Bertino, Enrico
Jaffer, Yasmin
Carvalho, Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2371-890X
Barros, Fernando C.
Stein, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-2822
Noble, Alison J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-3772
Molnár, Zoltán https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6852-6004
Jenkinson, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-0166
Nichols, Thomas E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4516-5103
Smith, Stephen
Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0637-599X
Papageorghiou, Aris T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8143-2232
Villar, Jose https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-4038
Namburete, Ana I. L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-436X
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: J.A.N. and A.T.P. are Senior Scientific Advisers of Intelligent Ultrasound but the company has no financial or intellectual property links with the research described in this paper and the described work is entirely based on their academic work. We declare that all the other authors have no competing interests as defined by Nature Research, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper. A.T.P. is supported by the Oxford Partnership Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre with funding from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) funding scheme. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR the Department of Health or any of the other funders. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.