Jiang, Zhiwen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8841-618X
Stein, Jason https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4829-0513
Li, Tengfei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-3865
Fang, Ethan
Li, Yun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9275-4189
Sullivan, Patrick https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-873X
Zhu, Hongtu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-2690
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG085581)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (RF1AG082938)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U01AG088667)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG098697)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (R01AG085581)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (RF1AG082938)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U01AG088667)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH136055)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1U01AG088667-01)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH136055)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K01AG095286)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R21HD120911)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (U01HG011720)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH125236)
Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation (DMS-2434666)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD103573)
Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Competing interests
: P.S. reports the following potentially competing financial interests (2024): Neumora Therapeutics (advisory committee, shareholder). To the best of his knowledge, these are unrelated to this paper/project. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.