Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 July 2025

Accepted: 13 February 2026

First Online: 12 March 2026

Competing interests

: YRMG: Y.R. Murciano-Goroff reports travel, accommodation, and expenses from AstraZeneca and Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly/Eli Lilly and Company. She acknowledges honoraria from Virology Education and Projects in Knowledge (for a CME program funded by an educational grant from Amgen). She has been on an advisory board for Revolution Medicines, and consulted for AbbVie. She acknowledges associated research funding to the institution from Mirati Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb/E.R. Squibb & Sons, Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly/Eli Lilly and Company, Elucida Oncology, Taiho Oncology, Hengrui USA, Ltd/ Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals, Luzsana Biotechnology, Endeavor Biomedicines, AbbVie, Erasca, and Arvinas. She is an employee of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, which has an institutional interest in Elucida. She acknowledges royalties from Rutgers University Press and Wolters Kluwer. She acknowledges food/beverages from Endeavor Biomedicines, AstraZeneca, and Eli Lilly and Company, and other services from Amgen Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly/ Eli Lilly and Company and Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company, AbbVie, Arvinas, and Taiho Oncology. Y.R. Murciano-Goroff acknowledges receipt of training through an institutional K30 grant from the NIH (CTSA UL1TR00457). She has received funding from a Kristina M. Day Young Investigator Award from Conquer Cancer, the ASCO Foundation, endowed by Dr. Charles M. Baum and Carol A. Baum. She has also received funding from the Fiona and Stanley Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, the Andrew Sabin Family Foundation, the Society for MSK, the Squeri Grant for Drug Development, and a Paul Calabresi Career Development Award for Clinical Oncology (NIH/NCI K12 CA184746) as well as through NIH/NCI R01 CA279264. AH: Consulting or Advisory Role: Amgen, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gritstone Bio, Incyte, Eli Lilly and Company, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Debiopharm Group, QED therapeutics, Relay Therapeutics, Taiho Oncology, Sanofi, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Abbvie. Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Amgen, SERVIER, Eli Lilly and Company, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Roche, Incyte. Other Relationship: Abbvie, Agios, Amgen, Argenx, Arno Therapeutics, Astex Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, AVEO, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Chugai Pharma, Clovis Oncology, Daiichi Sankyo, Debiopharm Group, Eisai, Exelixis, FORMA Therapeutics, GamaMabs Pharma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, H3 Biomedicine, Innate Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Kyowa Kirin, Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly/Eli Lilly and Company, Lytix Biopharma, MedImmune, Menarini, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merrimack, Merus, Millenium Pharamceuticals, Nanobiotix, Nektar, Novartis, Octimet, Oncoethix, Onyx, Orion, Oryzon Genomics, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi/Aventis, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Tesaro, Xencor, Roche, SERVIER, Eli Lilly and Company. Honoraria: Amgen, Eisai, SERVIER, Incyte, Relay Therapeutics. Research Funding: AstraZeneca/MedImmune RH: Honoraria for consulting / ad board (self): Amgen, Eli Lilly and Company, Daichii Sankyo, Astrazeneca, Biohaven, Claim, Novartis, Gilead, Merck, Regeneron, Sanofi, Abbvie, EMD Serono. Research funding to institution not to self for clinical trial research: Daichii Sankyo, Novartis, Eli Lilly and Company, Mirati, Mythic, Corvus, Agios, Abbvie, Turning Point, Erasca. PAC: Consulting or advisory role: Boehringer Ingelheim; Brenus Pharma; Bristol-Myers Squibb; OSE Immunotherapeutics; Scenic Biotech; START research; travel support: Novartis, Roche, MSD, BMS, Astrazeneca; non-financial research support: Novartis, MSD, Debio Pharm, Funding to institution for the conduct of clinical trials: Abbvie, ADCT, Alligator, Amgen, Astellas, Blueprint, C4 Therapeutics, Dragonfly, Daiichi Sankyo, Enliven, Exelixis, Incyte, Itéos, Innate Pharma, Janssen, Kinnate, Kazia, Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company/Eli Lilly and Company, MabQuest, Molecular Partners, Novartis, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Regeneron, Relay, Roche/Genentech, Sotio, Taiho, Tango, Toray, Trangene JYH: Consulting or advisory role: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen, Novartis, Amgen, Oncovix, Takeda, ONO, Pfizer, Merck, Roche, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Yuhan; Research Funding: Pfizer, Takeda; Honoraria for lecture: AstraZeneca, Janssen, Roche, Takeda, Merck, Yuhan, Novartis, Pfizer. SYK: Honoraria for consulting or advisory role: Roche-Genentech, Revolution Medicines; Research funding to institution for clinical trial research: Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company /Eli Lilly and Company, Roche-Genentech, AstraZeneca, Mirati/Bristol Myers Squibb, BridgeBio, Genmab, Bioinvent, MonteRosa, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dynamicure, Seagen, Gilead, Takeda. JS: Consulting and Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, Janssen Oncology, Navire, Pfizer, Regeneron, Medscape, Takeda. DT: Consulting and Advisory Role: Medesis Pharma, Vertical, Mabqi, Brenus Pharma. Research Funding: Ipsen, Bayer. Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: pening patent on a drug combination for prostate cancer. Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Nutricia, Ipsen, Janssen, BMS, AstraZeneca, AAA, Pfizer. AS: Institutional Research & Clinical Trial PI: AstraZeneca, Amgen, Genentech, Merck, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, BMS, Spectrum, GSK, Iovance, CRISPR Therapeutics, BridgeBio, HotSpot Therapeutics, AdaptImmune. Advisory committee (no personal fees): Genentech, Amgen, Merck. Travel expenses for clinical trial investigator meetings: Amgen, Merck, Genentech-Roche. TB: Consulting or Advisory Role: Bluepring Medicines, Mirati Therapeutics, EMD Serono, Advarra, Janssen Scientific Affairs, Jazz Phamaceuticals, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Takeda. Speakers’ Bureau: Amgen. TS: Consulting and Advisory Roles for AbbVie, Chugai, Kyowa Kirin, Chordia Therapeutics and Daiichi-Sankyo; Lecture fees from Amgen, AbbVie, Chugai, MSD, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Takeda, Taiho and IQVIA; Research funding to institution for the conduct of clinical research (principal investigator of phase 1 trials) from AbbVie, Eli Lilly and Company, Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company, Incyte, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Parexel and IQVIA. NRA: Consulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca/MedImmune. Speakers’ Bureau: BMS/Celgene. Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Eli Lilly and Company. Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Cardiff Oncology, Iovance Biotherapeutics, Shockwave Medical, Autolus, Kura Oncology. AS: Consulting or Advisory Role: Array BioPharma, Incyte, Amgen, Novartis, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Mirati Therapeutics, Gritstone Bio, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Merck, BMS, Takeda, Janssen Research & Development, Mersana, Blueprint Medicines, Gritstone Bio, Daiichi Sankyo, Regeneron, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi. Leadership: Next Oncology. Stock and other Ownership Interests: Eli Lilly and Company. Honoraria: CytomX Therapeutics, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Merck, Takeda, Amgen, Janssen Oncology, Novartis, BMS, Bayer. Research Funding: Roche, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Astellas Pharma, MedImmune, Novartis, Incyte, Abbvie, Ignyta, Takeda, Macrogenics, CytomX Therapeutics, LAM Therapeutics, Astex Pharmaceuticals, BMS, Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company, Arch Therapeutics, Gritstone Bio, Plexxikon, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, ADC Therapeutics, Janssen Oncology, Mirati Therapeutics, Rubius Therapeutics,Synthekine, Mersana, Blueprint Medicines, Regeneron, Alkermes, Revolution Medicines, Medikine, Synthekine, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Nalo Therapeutics, Scorpion Therapeutics, ArriVent Biopharma, Revolution Medicines. CGR: has received honoraria and consulting fees from Regeneron Therapeutics, Pierre Fabre, BMS, Roche-Genentech; travel support from MSD, Roche-Genentech and Pierre Fabre; participation on data dafety monitoring or advisory board for Pharmamar and Macomics; funding to institution for the conduct of clinical research from Abbvie, Amunix, Astra Zeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daichii Sankyo, Dragonfly, Ideaya, Incyte, Kazia, Eli Lilly and Company/Loxo Oncology at Eli Lilly and Company, Molecular Partners, Ose Immunotherapeutics, Roche-Genentech, Sotio, Tango. He has leadership roles at ESMO and FITC. AP: Honoraria: Texas Society of Clinical Oncology. Consulting or Advisory Role: Genentech/Roche, Merck, BMS, Bayer, Novartis, Seattle Genetics, Silverback Therapeutics, Shenzhen IONOVA Life Sciences Co., Ltd., Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., HalioDx, Janssen, Eli Lilly and Company, Pfizer, Quanta Therapeutics, Pfizer Inc., Scorpion Therapeutics. Speakers’ Bureau: Merck. RC: no conflicts of interest to disclose JNB: reports advisory/consultant roles with AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyoi, Bayer, National Association for Continuing Education (NACE); speaker honoraria from MJH Life Sciences, Association of Community Cancer Centers (ACCC) MN: is on the advisory board for AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Takeda, Novartis, EMD Serono, Janssen, Pfizer, Eli Lilly and Company, Bayer, Regeneron, BMS and Genentech; consultant for Caris Life Sciences (virtual tumor board); speaker for Blueprint Medicines, Janssen, Mirati and Takeda; and reports travel support from AnHeart Therapeutics. Reports stock/stock options from MBrace Therapeutics. AY: Eli Lilly and Company: Current employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. SM: Eli Lilly and Company: Current employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. RP: Eli Lilly and Company: Current Employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. AF: Eli Lilly and Company: Current Employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. AC: Eli Lilly and Company: Current Employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. GO: Eli Lilly and Company: Current Employment, current equity holder in publicly traded company. MW: Eli Lilly and Company: Current Employment, current equity holder in a publicly traded company. YK: has received honoraria and consulting fees from Taiho, Eli Lilly and Company, Kyowa Kirin, Takeda, Noile-Immune Biotech Inc, Amgen; advisory board for Abbie, Incyte; funding to institution for the conduct of clinical research from Taiho, Astelas, Eli Lilly and Company, Takeda, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca. Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Genmab, Incyte, Abbie, Amgen, Merck, Hengrui, Novartis. Ono Pharmaceutical, Noile-Immune Biotech Inc, Kyowa Kirin, BMS. TK: consultant/advisor for Amgen; honoraria from Chugai Pharma and Sysmex; research funding from Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, PACT Pharma, Pfizer, Incyte, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Takeda and Zymeworks.