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Authors
Romesser, Paul B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-2903
Bercz, Aron
Alvarez, Janet https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-959X
Kostrzewa, Caroline E.
Adames, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-6032
Liu, Elisa K.
Ho, Yu-Jui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7540-024X
Mohan, Natasha
Reyngold, Marsha
Yaeger, Rona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-5454
Roth O’Brien, Diana A.
Cuaron, John J.
Zinovoy, Melissa
Olinger, Christine
Ravella, Revathi
Lisanti, Jeanine https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1378-7662
Zambare, Wini
Aushev, Vasily N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-358X
Sharma, Shruti
Malhotra, Meenakshi
Rivero-Hinojosa, Samuel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3595-8273
Schauer, Nathan
Jurdi, Adham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-3053
Liu, Minetta C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5232
Wu, Abraham https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-7091
Williams, Vonetta
Connell, Louise
Pappou, Emmanouil
Rao, Devika
Segal, Neil H. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3047-2303
Paty, Philip B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-2112
Weiser, Martin R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9577-7984
Cercek, Andrea
Marcet, Jorge
Garcia-Aguilar, Julio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-0948
Crane, Chris H.
Gonen, Mithat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8683-8477
Smith, J. Joshua https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2538-5456
Tuli, Richard
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30 CA008748)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R37 CA248289)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (K08 CA255574)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R37 CA304010)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (5T32 CA 9501-34)
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Competing interests
: Dr. Romesser provides compensated professional services and activities for EMD Serono, Faeth Therapeutics, HPV Alliance, and Natera Inc. He also offers uncompensated professional services and activities for 10x Genomics, XRad Therapeutics, and the HPV Alliance and Anal Cancer Foundation non-profit organizations. Dr. Smith received travel support for fellow education from Intuitive Surgical (August 2015). He also served as a clinical advisor for Guardant Health (March 2019). He provides compensated professional services and activities for Johnson and Johnson, GlaxoSmithKline, Foundation Medicine, UroGen, Regeneron, and Vaniam Group. Dr. Garcia-Aguilar owns equity and received honoraria from Intuitive Surgical. Dr. Weiser owns intellectual property rights and provides compensated professional services for UpToDate. Dr. Cercek owns equity in Haystack Oncology, Inc. She also provides compensated professional services for AbbVie, Agenus, Amen, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Illumina, Janssen Oncology, Inc., Merck & Co. Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Roche Diagnostics Asia Pacific Ltd., and Seagen. Dr. Crane owns equity in Oncternal Therapeutics and provides compensated professional services for Trisalus Life Sciences. Dr. Segal provides compensated professional services for Puretech Health, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., and Agenus Inc. Dr. Reyngold provides compensated professional services and activities for Elekta and offer uncompensated professional services for the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Dr. Yaeger provides compensated professional services and activities for Lilly Oncology, Mirati Therapeutics, Revolution Medicines, and Merck. Dr. Wu provides compensated professional services and activities for CivaTech Oncology, Inc., MORE Health, Inc., Nanovi A/S, and Simphotek, Inc. Dr. Connell provides compensated professional services and activities for Intera Oncology, Inc. Dr. Rao owns equity in Abbott Laboratories, CVS Health Corp., GlaxoSmithKline, Merck & Co., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Procter & Gamble, Sandoz, Inc., Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC, and UnitedHealth Group. Drs. Aushev, Sharma, Malhotra, Rivero-Hinojosa, Jurdi, and Liu are employees of Natera, Inc. and receive equity in the company. All other authors do not have any conflicts of interest to disclose. Role of Natera: Natera, Inc. generated the personalized ctDNA assays and performed bioinformatic variant calling; Natera staff assisted with generation of Figs. 1B, 2, and 5. All clinical endpoints and outcome analyses were performed independently at MSK by institutional statisticians; patient management and outcome adjudication were conducted independent of the company.
