Chen, Weizhe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5126-3810
Ciais, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-4943
Yu, Kailiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0145-0356
Viovy, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-6417
Li, Shicheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-636X
Tan, Liangcheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-7102
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42307556, 42230208)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42325705)
Fund of State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment
Fund of Shandong Province
Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.