Karunaraj, Prashath https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-0345
Scheele, Remkes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5354-8286
Wells, Malcolm L.
Rathod, Ruchita
Gokulu, Ipek S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6086-7368
Abrahamson, Sophia R. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2164-4181
Taylor, Lila https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4028-8107
Chowdhury, Lamia https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7914-6554
Kazmi, Abiha
Song, Weixiao
Hornbeck, Peter V.
Li, Jing
Glasgow, Anum https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-881X
Vasan, Neil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-484X
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Scholars Program at Columbia University Irving Medical Center
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R00GM135529)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Competing interests
: P.K. has equity in Abeona Therapeutics, Apogee Therapeutics, Celcuity Inc., Immunome Inc., Immunovant Inc., Kyverna Therapeutics, Eli Lilly & co, Lyell Immunopharma Inc., Novartis, Solid Biosciences, Taysha Gene Threrapies, Travere Therapeutics, Vera Therapeutics, and Viking Therapeutics. N.V. is a consultant for Apertor Therapeutics, Avenzo Therapeutics, and Scorpion Therapeutics; has equity in Reactive Biosciences and Meliora Therapeutics and is on the scientific advisory board of Meliora Therapeutics. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.