D’Anniballe, Vincent M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-633X
Kim, Sarah
Finlay, John B.
Wang, Michael
Ko, Tiffany https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-6345
Luo, Sheng https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-5809
Whitson, Heather E.
Johnson, Kim G.
Goldstein, Bradley J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-1696
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC020172)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (AG072958)
Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 18 February 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Competing interests
: BJG is a co-founder of Senvera Therapeutics, a company interested in developing therapeutics for olfactory loss (no direct relevance to work reported here). VMD, SK, JBF, TK, KGJ, and BJG are named inventors on U.S. Patent Application No. PCT/US2026/014917; applicant/assignee: Duke University; status: filed (pending); related to methods for obtaining olfactory cleft brush biopsy samples and measuring gene-expression biomarker panels to detect/diagnose and guide treatment of Pre-clinical Alzheimer’s disease as described in this manuscript (Figs. , ). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.