Nie, Yu
Ren, Guanhua https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9528-4223
Dou, Xinyu
Tang, Yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7940-5645
Fu, Donglong
Zhang, Haoyu
An, Chao
Li, Yanfang
Guo, Yuchen https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8669-3764
Wang, Haifeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-5800
Tan, Xin
Ye, Jinhua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-8903
Zhou, Min
Yu, Tao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3301-4957
Gong, Jinlong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-318X
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22038009)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22250008)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22361142838)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22372116)
the China People’s Police University: University-Level General Research Project-Doctoral Research Innovation Program Projec
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project
the National Key Research and Development Program of China
the National Key Research and Development Program of China
Article History
Received: 2 July 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.