Adler, Brittany L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9912-2435
Bene, Michael R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-4052
Zhang, Cissy
Say, Conrad
Khare, Pratik
Mecoli, Christopher
Tiniakou, Eleni
Paik, Julie J.
Chung, Tae
Darrah, Erika https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1119-0279
Lloyd, Thomas
Pagkatipunan, Ruben
McGowan, Megan
Mears, Albert
Vernon, Hilary J.
Christopher-Stine, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-7306
Le, Anne
Albayda, Jemima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8030-9504
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR048522)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32AR048522)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K23AR075898)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K08AR077732)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K23AR073927)
Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K23AI180356)
Ira T. Discovery Fund; Buck Discovery Fund; Jerome L. Greene Foundation
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging (2T32AG058527-06A1)
Peter Frampton Myositis Research Fund
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (1S10OD025226-01)
Ira T. Discovery Fund,
Article History
Received: 22 October 2024
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 15 March 2026
Competing interests
: E.D. is currently an employee of AstraZeneca. A.L. is the founder and CEO of Gigantest. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.