Hussien, Amro A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9324-9360
Knell, Robert
Wunderli, Stefania L.
Aronoff, Matthew R.
Niederoest, Barbara
Renoux, Florian
Hukara, Amela
Foolen, Jasper
Wennemers, Helma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3075-5741
Distler, Oliver https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-8310
Snedeker, Jess G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8115-0275
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fondazione Cariplo (2016-0481)
Spendenstiftung Bank Vontobel
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
Universität Zürich
Article History
Received: 17 July 2021
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Competing interests
: O.D. has/had consultancy relationship with and/or has served as a speaker for the following companies in the area of potential treatments for systemic sclerosis and its complications in the last three calendar years: 4P-Pharma, Abbvie, Acceleron, Acepodia Biotech, Alcimed, Altavant, Amgen, AnaMar, Aera, Argenx, AstraZeneca, Blade, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Calluna (Arxx), Cantargia AB, Catalyze Capital, Corbus, CSL Behring, Galderma, Galapagos, Glenmark, Gossamer, Horizon, Janssen, Kymera, Lupin, Medscape, MSD Merck, Miltenyi Biotec, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Nkarta Inc., Novartis, Orion, Pilan, Prometheus, Quell, Redxpharma, Roivant, EMD Serono, Topadur and UCB. Patent issued “mir-29 for the treatment of systemic sclerosis” (US8247389, EP2331143). Co-founder of CITUS AG. Research Grants: BI, Kymera, Mitsubishi Tanabe, UCB. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.