Cardozo Pinto, Daniel F. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-4643
Guo, Michaela Y. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2835-3242
Pomrenze, Matthew B. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-5911
Morishita, Wade
Li, Mona X. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0411-6427
Zweifel, Larry S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-5331
Eshel, Neir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-2013
Malenka, Robert C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-5211
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K08MH123791)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01MH138645)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (K99DA056573)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P50DA042012)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (P30DA048736)
Simons Foundation (Bridge to Independence Award)
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (Young Investigator Grant)
Burroughs Wellcome Fund (Career Award for Medical Scientists)
Stanford NeuroChoice Initiative Pilot Award
National Science Foundation
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Gilliam Fellowship)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (Gilliam Fellowship)
Stanford Vice Provost for Undergraduate Education Major Grant
Stanford Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute UCSF Dolby Family Center for Mood Disorders
Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 14 March 2026
Competing interests
: N.E. is a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim. R.C.M. is an advisor to Bayshore Global Management and is on the scientific advisory boards of MapLight Therapeutics, Definium Therapeutics, and Aelis Farma. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.