Steiner, Dylan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-4368
Sultan, Lila
Sullivan, Travis
Liu, Hanqiao
Xiao, Xiaohui
LeClerc, Ashley
Melvin, Savannah
Alekseyev, Yuriy O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-8861
Liu, Gang
Mazzilli, Sarah A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-2722
Zhang, Jiarui
Suzuki, Kei
Rieger-Christ, Kimberly
Burks, Eric J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3122-2875
Beane, Jennifer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6699-2132
Lenburg, Marc E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-4708
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (R01CA275015)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (U01CA196408)
Lawrence Ellison Foundation
Article History
Received: 17 July 2024
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: A patent application relating to the VI predictor described in this manuscript has been filed (U.S. Provisional 63/570,598, filed March 27, 2024; PCT PCT/US25/21084, filed March 24, 2025; ISR issued) and is titled “ Methods and compositions relating to angioinvasive lung adenocarcinoma ”. The patent applicants include the authors’ affiliated institutions, and the listed inventors include M.E.L., J.B., D.S., E.J.B., J.Z., S.A.M., K.R.-C., and T.S. All other authors declare no competing interests.