Senthil Kumar, Charitra S. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0942-4263
Valades Cruz, Cesar A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1786-8207
Sison, Miguel
Vesga, Arturo G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-9978
Rey-Barroso, Javier
Curcio, Valentina
Alemán-Castañeda, Luis A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-6639
Alonso, Miguel A.
Poincloux, Renaud https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2884-1744
Mavrakis, Manos https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7980-1841
Brasselet, Sophie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6766-9273
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-21-ESRE-0002, ANR-20-CE42-0003, ANR-22-CE13-0039,ANR-16-CONV-0001,ANR-10-INBS-04-07)
A*MIDEX Institutes Cancer et Immunologie (AMX-19-IET-001) and Marseille Imaging
Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Competing interests
: The 4polar3D microscope was invented by S.B. and V.C. and is covered by US patent 11927737 (2022), which was filed by and assigned to Université Aix Marseille, Centre national de la recherche scientifique and Centrale Marseille.