Liu, Zhuoxing
Zhao, Kexin
Ma, Jie
Liu, Shijie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-6890
Zhan, Zidong
Yu, Cunlong
Wu, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2600-6342
Hao, Dezhao https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4587-8288
Jiang, Lei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-728X
Dong, Zhichao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0729-5756
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (22122508)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173293)
Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Accepted: 3 March 2026
First Online: 20 March 2026
Competing interests
: The MARS superhydrophobic fabric preparation method is covered by three pending CNIPA patents: CN 202610186197.5 (2026.02.09), CN 202610194657.9 (2026.02.11) and CN 202610208747.9 (2026.02.13). Applicants: Beijing Institute of Future Science and Technology on Bioinspired Interface. Inventors Zhichao Dong, Zhuoxing Liu and Dezhao Hao are also paper authors. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.