Miranda-Hernandez, Socorro https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9527-0034
Kumar, Manoharan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4828-2505
Henderson, Alec
Graham, Erin
Tan, Xiao
Taylor, Jim
Meehan, Michael T.
Ceja, Zuriel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-1964
del Pozo-Ramos, Lidia
Pan, Yi
Tsui, Ellen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7340-7412
Donovan, Meg L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-8914
Rentería, Miguel E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-7248
Flores-Valdez, Mario Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-1370
Blumenthal, Antje https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-7015
Nguyen, Quan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7870-5703
Subbian, Selvakumar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2021-8632
Field, Matt A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-6513
Kupz, Andreas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-7873
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AI161822)
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (R01AI161822)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP2008715)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP2001262)
Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (APP5121190)
Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Competing interests
: A.K. is an inventor on the patent “Recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG” issued to James Cook University. M.A.F.V. is an inventor in patent “BCG vaccine strains protecting against the establishment of latent mycobacterium tuberculosis infection”. The other authors declare no competing interests.