He, Yi
Kelly, Kenneth
Jeffers, Matthew
Vercellino, Roberto
Ge, Yanbo
Lunacek, Monte
Funding for this research was provided by:
DOE | Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy | Vehicle Technologies Office (AC36-08GO28308)
Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.