Zhang, Daoming
Wang, Qingyu
Xie, Congzhen
Zhong, An
Bi, Chunhui
Han, Yongxia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-2540
Wang, Rui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-9127
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52307025)
IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS) Graduate Fellowship, 2024 (no award number available).
Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.