Portas, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-1893
Yuan, Hang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5944-1925
Cai, Lina
Smith-Byrne, Karl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1932-7463
van Duijvenboden, Stefan
Kyle, Simon D.
Ray, David https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4739-6773
Howson, Joanna MM https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0050
Doherty, Aiden
Funding for this research was provided by:
Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford
Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Competing interests
: A.D. is supported by grants from the Wellcome Trust [223100/Z/21/Z], Novo Nordisk, Swiss Re, Health Data Research UK, and the British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence [RE/18/3/34214]; has accepted consulting fees from the University of Wisconsin (NIH R01 grant) and Harvard University (NIH R01 grant); received support for presentations or attendance at several conferences; and has received a donation from SwissRe for accelerometer data collection in the China Kadoorie Biobank. LP is supported by Novo Nordisk. LC and JMMH are full-time employees of Novo Nordisk and hold shares in Novo Nordisk A/S. The other authors declare no competing interests.